Bus Topology

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In bus topology, all computers are connected by a single length of cable with a terminator at each end. The bus topology is the simplest and most widely used local area network design. It is a passive topology which means only one computer can significantly affect the speed of the network. A computer must wait until the bus is free before it can transmit. Each node is connected to two others except the machines at either end of the cable, which are connected only to one other nodes.

            The network operating system keeps track of a unique electronic address for each node, and manages the flow of data based on this addressing scheme. This topology has the advantage of not requiring that every computer be up and running in order for the network to function. But because a single cable is dedicated to all the information traffic, performance can be slow at times. This topology is often found in client/server systems, where one of the machines on the network is designated as a file server meaning that it is dedicated solely to the distribution of data files, and is not usually used for information processing.

Advantages of the Bus Topology

1.      The bus topology is simple, reliable, easy to use and understand in small sized local area networks.

2.      The bus requires the least amount of cable to connect the computers together and is therefore less expensive than other cabling arrangements.

3.      It is easy to extend to bus. Two cables can be joined into one longer cable with a connector, making a longer cable and allowing more computers to join the networks.

Disadvantages of the Bus Topology

1.      Heavy network traffic can slow down a bus considerably. Because any computer can transmit at any time, and computers on most bus networks do not coordinate with each other to reserve time slots to transmit. A bus network with many computers can spend a lot of its bandwidth (capacity for transmitting information) with the computers interrupting each other instead of communicating. The problem only gets worse as more computers are added to the network.

           
              2.       It is difficult to troubleshoot a bus. A cable break or malfunctioning                                               computer anywhere between two computers can cause them not to be able to communicate with each other. Cable break or loose connector will also cause reflections and bring down the whole network, causing all network activity to stop.